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Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid, to Najran, took place in 10AH of the Islamic Calendar, Around June 631 AD. The event is mentioned partly in the Quran verse 3:61.〔(Tafsir ibn Kathir, Online Text Version, on 3:61 )〕 The event is also mentioned by the Muslim jurist Tabari, who mentions that Muhammad wrote a letter to Khalid ibn al-Walid. Those letters are also mentioned by Muhammad Hamidullah in his French book ''Six Originaux des letters diplomatiques du Prophete e l'Islam'', which contains a collection of six of the Muhammad's letters whose original texts have been preserved, that he compiled.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dr Muhammad Hamidullah (1909-2002) )An archive of the page is available (here )〕 Muhammad Hamidullah considered the letters authentic.〔Hamidullah, The life and work of the Prophet of Islam, Volume , p. 279〕 The translator of Tabari, Volume 9, The last Years of the Prophet, Isma'il Qurban Husayn, mentions in the footnote on page 83, that the letter mentioned by Tabari is also in the texts collected by Muhammad Hamidullah.〔Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes〕 ==Background== Najran consisted of Christian tribes, and polytheist tribes. A year before this Expedition, the Christian portion of the Banu Harith sent a delegation led by a Bishop.〔 The Christian delegation started to debate with Muhammad, claiming that Jesus was the son of God. According to Ibn Kathir, the Quran verse 3:61 was "revealed" about this event:〔〔 The delegation refused to convert to Islam, it is reported that one of Muhammad's companion said to the Christians: If you have already decided that you will remain in your religion and your creed regarding your fellow (`Isa), then conduct a treaty with the man (Muhammad) and go back to your land.' (referenced in Tafsir ibn Kathir )〔〔 According to ''Ar-Rahīq al-Makhtum'' (The Sealed Nectar), a modern Islamic hagiography of Muhammad written by the Indian Muslim author Saif ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, having refused to convert to Islam, Muhammad ordered the tribe to pay the Jizyah and give Muhammad 2,000 garments, in exchange for peace and security. A part of the tribe were still practising Idolatry, and Muhammad only had a treaty with the Christian part of the tribe, so he sent Khalid ibn Walid with a group of armed men to call on the rest of the tribe to embrace Islam. William Muir also claims that Muhammad told Khalid to attack them if they refused to convert.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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